The California Valley quail, a member of the New World quail family, is a small ground-dwelling bird with a distinct crest made of six feathers. Males have a black crest and face, while females have a brown crest and back. Both have a brown and white streaked flanks, with the males also having a dark brown cap and light brown belly. Females and juveniles are mainly grey-brown with a light-colored underbelly. Its closest relative, the Gambel's quail, has a larger crest and brighter head, and is found in more southern regions. The two species diverged 1-2 million years ago, and the California quail was chosen as the official state bird in 1931.