At a size of 22 cm (8.75 in), the Montezuma Quail is one of the smallest quails found in North America. Despite its small size, it weighs 180 g (6 oz), which is equivalent to some taller Callipepla quails. With a plump build and short tail, this quail is easily distinguishable from other quail species. Both males and females have tan backs and wing coverts with longitudinal light-buff streaks, along with black spots arranged in bars. The nape features a distinctive crest that gives the quail a long front-to-back profile. The bill is black on top and bluish-gray below. Adult males have a striking black-and-white face pattern, along with a flat tan plume over the crest. The sides are blue-gray with bold spots, which can appear black in some lighting. In the north, the spots are white, while in the south, they range from white to chestnut. The chest